The IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering (IEEE-JOE) is a quarterly journal published by the IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society (IEEE OES) whose field of interest includes all aspects of science, engineering and technology that address research, development, and operations pertaining to all bodies of water. This includes the creation of new capabilities and technologies from concept design through prototypes, testing and operational systems to sense, explore, analyze, understand, develop, use and responsibly manage natural resources.